Maash Polo (Persian Mung Bean Rice)

Maash Polo (Persian Mung Bean Rice)

ماش پلو

Tender mung beans nestled in aromatic saffron rice with caramelized onions and warm spices—a beloved comfort dish that's both nourishing and economical. The small green beans become creamy when cooked, adding earthy sweetness and protein to the fluffy rice. Often topped with crispy fried onions, this humble dish proves that simple ingredients prepared with care become extraordinary.

ricePrep: 20 minCook: 80 mineasyServes 6

Cultural Note

Mung beans have been part of Persian cuisine since ancient times, valued for their nutrition and versatility. Maash polo represents the ingenuity of Persian home cooking—transforming humble, inexpensive ingredients into something deeply satisfying. The dish is particularly associated with cold weather cooking and is often made for large family gatherings where economy matters. The generous caramelized onion topping is essential, adding sweetness that complements the earthy beans.

Critical Moments

  • Mung beans cooked until tender but not mushy
  • Onions deeply caramelized (20+ minutes)
  • Proper parboiling of rice
  • Never lifting lid during steaming
1
PREP30 min

Prepare the mung beans

Pick through mung beans removing any debris or damaged beans. Rinse well. Place in a pot, cover with water by 5cm. Bring to boil, reduce heat, simmer for 20-25 minutes until tender but still holding shape. Drain and set aside.

Beans are swollen and tender; skins may be slightly split on some
Boil then gentle simmer
SmellEarthy, slightly grassy
SoundGentle simmering
TouchBeans are tender but not mushy—should hold shape when stirred

Critical Step

Mung beans must be pre-cooked because they won't cook through during rice steaming. Undercooked beans are unpleasantly crunchy; overcooked become mushy paste.

Unlike larger beans, mung beans don't require soaking—they cook quickly. Test frequently near the end.
Checkpoint: Bite a bean—it should be creamy throughout with no hard center
2
PREP15 min

Wash and soak the rice

Place rice in a large bowl. Wash 5-6 times until water runs mostly clear. Dissolve 1.5 tbsp salt in 1.5L lukewarm water, add rice, soak for at least 1 hour.

Water nearly clear; soaked grains elongated
TouchSoaked rice is fragile
While waiting: Cook mung beans and caramelize onions while rice soaks
3
PREP3 min

Bloom saffron

If using, grind saffron with pinch of sugar, steep in 3 tbsp hot water for at least 20 minutes.

Ruby-red liquid
SmellHoney-floral saffron
4
COOK25 min

Caramelize the onions

Heat 100ml oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Add 2 thinly sliced onions. Cook 20-25 minutes, stirring occasionally, until deeply caramelized and crispy at edges. Add sugar in last 5 minutes. Season with salt. Remove half for topping; keep half in pan for meat (or fold into rice if vegetarian).

Deep mahogany brown; mix of soft and crispy pieces
Start 190°C / 375°F, reduce as onions color
SmellIntensely sweet, caramelized
SoundSizzling that calms as moisture evaporates
TouchSome pieces crispy, some jammy

Critical Step

Caramelized onions are essential to maash polo's character—they provide sweetness that balances the earthy beans. Pale onions won't deliver the same impact.

Patience is key—deep caramelization takes 20+ minutes. Don't rush.
5
COOK12 min

Prepare the meat (if using)

To the onions remaining in pan, add diced onion and cook until soft. Add ground meat, turmeric, cinnamon, cumin, salt, and pepper. Cook until browned, about 8 minutes, breaking into small pieces. Set aside.

Meat browned and crumbly; spices fragrant
Medium-High175-190°C / 350-375°F
SmellBrowned meat with warm spices
SoundSizzling
TouchSmall crumbles
For vegetarian version, skip this step and fold half the caramelized onions into the rice layers instead
6
COOK7 min

Parboil the rice

Bring 3L water with 2 tbsp salt to rolling boil. Drain soaked rice, add to boiling water. Boil 5-7 minutes until al dente.

Rice grains elongated; water starchy
HighRolling boil
SmellClean rice aroma
SoundActive boiling
TouchAl dente—soft outside, tiny firm core

Critical Step

Proper parboiling ensures fluffy rice.

7
COOK3 min

Drain and mix rice with mung beans

Immediately drain rice. Rinse briefly with lukewarm water. Gently fold cooked mung beans into the rice, distributing evenly.

White rice evenly studded with green mung beans
SmellRice and earthy beans
TouchEven distribution; both components intact
Fold gently—both rice and beans are fragile
8
COOK6 min

Prepare tahdig and layer

In a non-stick pot, combine 50ml oil with 2 tbsp saffron water (if using). Mix 1.5 cups rice-bean mixture with 1 tbsp saffron water, spread on bottom for tahdig. Add remaining rice-bean mixture, layering with meat mixture (if using) between layers. Build into pyramid. Poke 5-6 steam vents.

Pyramid of rice with visible green beans throughout; meat layers if using
SmellSaffron, rice, earthy beans
9
COOK50 min

Steam the rice

Drizzle melted butter over rice. Place over medium-high heat uncovered 3-4 minutes until steam rises. Wrap lid with towel, place tightly. Reduce to lowest heat. Steam 45-50 minutes.

Steam rising initially; then covered
Initial high 3-4 min, then lowest
SmellRice and beans steaming; tahdig forming
SoundInitial sizzle, then quiet

Critical Step

Proper steaming for fluffy rice and crispy tahdig. Never lift lid.

10
FINISH8 min

Rest and serve

Remove from heat, rest 5 minutes with lid on. Fluff rice gently. Spoon onto platter. Unmold tahdig. Top generously with reserved caramelized onions.

Fluffy rice studded with green beans; golden tahdig; dark caramelized onion crown
SmellAromatic rice, earthy beans, sweet onions
SoundTahdig releasing
TouchFluffy rice; creamy beans; crispy tahdig
The onion topping is essential—be generous

Resting Required

5 min - Allows tahdig to release cleanly

Extras

Equipment

large potnon-stick potlarge skilletfine mesh strainerkitchen towelstandard

Make Ahead

  • Mung beans can be cooked 2-3 days ahead.
  • Caramelized onions keep for a week.
  • Meat mixture can be made ahead.
  • Rice must be fresh.

Reheat in covered pot with splash of water.

Freezes well for 3 months.

Serve With

Sides

  • Mast-o-khiar
  • Torshi
  • Shirazi salad
  • Plain yogurt

Drinks

  • Doogh
  • Black tea

Substitutions

mung beansNo perfect substitute. Green or brown lentils work but have different texture. Split mung dal (moong dal) cooks much faster and becomes mushy—different dish entirely.
caramelized onionsEssential for authentic flavor. Store-bought crispy fried onions can supplement but fresh caramelized are far superior.

Scaling

Scales very easily—mung beans and rice maintain proportions. Popular for large gatherings due to economy and ease. Freezes well.

Source

Traditional · Traditional home cooking

A nutritious everyday dish found throughout Iran. Mung beans (maash) have been cultivated in Persia for millennia and remain a staple protein source. This dish is particularly popular in colder months.

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