Borani Esfenaj (Persian Spinach Yogurt Dip)

Borani Esfenaj (Persian Spinach Yogurt Dip)

بورانی اسفناج

A vibrant, verdant dip of garlicky sautéed spinach folded into thick, tangy yogurt—cool, creamy, and deeply satisfying. The spinach is cooked with generous garlic until silky, then combined with yogurt and crowned with toasted walnuts, sometimes dried rose petals, and a drizzle of olive oil. Named after the legendary Persian queen Pourandokht (Buran), borani represents the elegant simplicity of Persian mezze—humble ingredients elevated through technique and balance.

appetizerPrep: 15 minCook: 15 mineasyServes 6

Cultural Note

Borani takes its name from Queen Pourandokht (known as Buran), a Sasanian queen of the 7th century who was said to have a great love of yogurt dishes. The term 'borani' now refers to any yogurt-based dip with cooked vegetables—borani esfenaj (spinach), borani bademjan (eggplant), borani chogondar (beet), and others. These cooling dips are essential to the Persian table, served alongside warm bread as part of the appetizer spread. The contrast of cool, tangy yogurt with garlicky cooked vegetables is quintessentially Persian.

Critical Moments

  • Cooking spinach until liquid evaporates (not watery)
  • Cooling spinach completely before mixing with yogurt
  • Using thick yogurt (not thin)
  • Chilling to allow flavors to meld
1
PREP10 min

Prepare the spinach

If using fresh spinach, wash thoroughly in several changes of water to remove all grit—spinach can be very sandy. Remove tough stems from mature spinach; baby spinach can be used whole. Drain well. If using frozen spinach, thaw completely and squeeze out as much liquid as possible.

Clean, dry spinach leaves; if frozen, thoroughly squeezed dry
SmellFresh, green spinach aroma
TouchLeaves are clean and relatively dry
Frozen spinach works well and saves time. Just be sure to squeeze out all the water—wrap in a clean towel and wring thoroughly.
2
COOK8 min

Sauté the onion (if using)

Heat oil in a large skillet over medium heat. If using onion, add it now and cook for 6-8 minutes until softened and lightly golden.

Onion is soft and translucent, lightly golden
Medium165°C / 325°F
SmellSoftening onion
SoundGentle sizzling
TouchOnion is soft when stirred
The onion is optional—some families include it for sweetness, others prefer a cleaner spinach-garlic flavor
3
COOK2 min

Add garlic

Add the minced garlic to the pan (or to the heated oil if not using onion). Sauté for 1-2 minutes until fragrant and just beginning to turn golden. Don't let it brown too much.

Garlic is fragrant and pale golden
Medium165°C / 325°F
SmellFragrant garlic—aromatic, not burnt
SoundSizzling
TouchGarlic is softened

Critical Step

Garlic should be fragrant and just golden, not brown. Burnt garlic is bitter and will ruin the delicate flavor of the borani.

The garlic flavor mellows when combined with yogurt, so don't be shy with the amount
4
COOK5 min

Cook the spinach

Add the spinach to the pan in batches if necessary—it will wilt down dramatically. If using fresh spinach, add with any water still clinging to leaves. Cook, stirring frequently, for 4-5 minutes until completely wilted and any liquid has evaporated. Season with salt and pepper.

Spinach is completely wilted, deep green, and relatively dry (no pooling liquid)
Medium165°C / 325°F
SmellCooked spinach with garlic
SoundSizzling subsides as liquid evaporates
TouchSpinach is soft and silky

Critical Step

The spinach must be cooked until the liquid evaporates—wet spinach will make the borani watery. The spinach should be dry enough that it doesn't release water when pressed.

Continue cooking if you see liquid in the pan. The spinach should be quite dry before combining with yogurt.
5
PREP12 min

Cool the spinach

Transfer the cooked spinach mixture to a cutting board. Let cool for 10 minutes, then chop finely. Alternatively, leave in larger pieces for a chunkier texture. The spinach must be completely cool before mixing with yogurt.

Finely chopped or coarsely chopped spinach, room temperature
SmellGarlicky spinach
TouchCool to touch

Critical Step

Hot spinach will thin the yogurt and create a watery, unappealing texture. The spinach must be completely cooled before mixing.

Speed cooling by spreading on a plate. Don't refrigerate—you just need it at room temperature.
6
PREP2 min

Prepare the yogurt

If your yogurt is thin, strain it through a cheesecloth-lined sieve for 30 minutes to thicken, or use Greek yogurt directly. Place the thick yogurt in a mixing bowl.

Thick, creamy yogurt in bowl
SmellTangy yogurt
TouchThick enough to hold its shape—not runny
Full-fat Greek yogurt works perfectly. The thickness is important—thin yogurt makes watery borani.
7
PREP3 min

Combine spinach and yogurt

Add the cooled spinach mixture to the yogurt. Fold together gently until evenly combined. The borani should be marbled green and white—don't overmix into a uniform green unless you prefer that look. Taste and adjust salt and pepper.

Creamy white yogurt marbled with dark green spinach; or uniformly combined
SmellTangy yogurt with garlicky spinach
TouchThick, creamy, spoonable
Some prefer a marbled appearance (fold gently), others prefer fully combined (mix thoroughly). Both are correct.
8
PREP30 min

Chill

Cover and refrigerate for at least 30 minutes, preferably 1-2 hours. This allows flavors to meld and the borani to firm up slightly.

Chilled, set borani
SmellFlavors have melded
TouchCold and firm
Borani tastes best chilled. The garlic mellows and the flavors integrate beautifully after resting.
9
GARNISH4 min

Toast the walnuts

Toast chopped walnuts in a dry skillet over medium heat for 3-4 minutes, stirring frequently, until fragrant and lightly golden. Remove immediately to prevent burning.

Walnuts are lightly golden and aromatic
Medium165°C / 325°F
SmellToasted nuts—rich and nutty
TouchCrisp
Toast just before serving for maximum crunch
10
FINISH3 min

Garnish and serve

Transfer borani to a shallow serving bowl. Spread evenly. Drizzle with olive oil. Scatter toasted walnuts over the top. If using, sprinkle with dried rose petals and/or crumbled dried mint. Serve cold with fresh bread for scooping.

Beautiful contrast of white/green base with golden walnuts, red rose petals, and glistening oil
SmellTangy, garlicky, fresh
TouchCool, creamy, with crunchy walnut contrast
The garnishes add essential texture and visual appeal. The rose petals are optional but make it stunning.

Resting Required

30 min - Flavors meld and borani firms up; tastes best chilled

Extras

Equipment

large skilletmixing bowlstandard

Make Ahead

  • Borani improves with time.
  • Make up to 3 days ahead and refrigerate.
  • Add garnishes just before serving.
  • Actually better after a day in the fridge.

Serve cold—do not heat.

Bring to room temperature for 10 minutes before serving if desired, though cold is traditional.

Serve With

🍚Chelow (as part of a larger meal)

Sides

  • Fresh bread—lavash, sangak, barbari (essential)
  • Sabzi khordan
  • Other borani and dips
  • Torshi
  • Alongside kebabs

Drinks

  • Doogh (essential pairing)
  • Black tea

Substitutions

fresh spinachFrozen spinach (thawed and very well squeezed) works well and saves time. About 300g frozen equals 500g fresh.
yogurtFull-fat Greek yogurt is ideal. Regular plain yogurt can be strained for 30 minutes. Avoid non-fat yogurt (thin and sour).
walnutsCan substitute toasted pine nuts or almonds, or omit for nut-free version.
rose petalsPurely decorative—can omit. Available at Middle Eastern groceries or online.

Scaling

Scales easily for larger gatherings. The spinach can be prepared in larger batches; adjust yogurt proportionally. This dip improves after chilling, making it ideal for party prep. Doubles or triples well.

Source

Traditional · Traditional Persian cuisine

One of several 'borani' dishes—yogurt-based dips named after Queen Pourandokht (Buran) of the Sasanian dynasty, who reportedly loved yogurt dishes. Part of the Persian mezze tradition served at gatherings.

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