Khoresh-e Gol Kalam (Persian Cauliflower Stew)

Khoresh-e Gol Kalam (Persian Cauliflower Stew)

خورشت گل کلم

A hearty autumn stew where golden-fried cauliflower florets nestle in a rich tomato sauce with tender lamb and the distinctive tang of dried Persian limes. The cauliflower develops a beautiful golden crust when fried, then absorbs the aromatic sauce while maintaining its satisfying texture. Simple, comforting, and deeply satisfying.

stewPréparation: 20 minCuisson: 100 mineasyPour 6

Note culturelle

Khoresh-e gol kalam is quintessential Persian home cooking—humble, economical, and deeply satisfying. It appears on tables across Iran when cauliflower comes into season in fall. Like many Persian vegetable stews, it transforms an everyday vegetable into something special through proper technique and the magic of dried limes. Some families have made this stew for generations, each with their own 'secret' ratio of spices.

Moments Critiques

  • Frying cauliflower until golden (develops flavor and helps hold shape)
  • Cooking tomato paste to remove raw flavor
  • Adding cauliflower at the right time (after meat is nearly tender)
1
PRÉPARATION10 min

Prepare the cauliflower

Remove leaves and cut cauliflower into medium-sized florets (about 5cm across). Try to keep florets uniform in size for even cooking. Wash and dry thoroughly—wet cauliflower won't brown properly when fried.

Uniform florets, completely dry, no moisture visible
OdeurFresh, mild cauliflower aroma
TextureFlorets feel completely dry to touch
Medium-sized florets are ideal—too small and they'll fall apart, too large and they won't cook evenly. Leave some stem attached to help them hold together.

Erreurs Courantes

  • Cutting florets too small (disintegrate during cooking)
  • Not drying thoroughly (won't brown when fried)
  • Uneven sizing (some overcook while others stay raw)
Point de contrôle: Florets should be uniform and completely dry
2
CUISSON15 min

Fry the cauliflower

Heat 40ml oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat until shimmering. Add cauliflower florets in a single layer (work in 2-3 batches) and fry until golden brown on multiple sides, about 4-5 minutes per batch, turning occasionally. Remove to a paper towel-lined plate.

Florets are golden brown with some darker caramelized spots; edges are crispy
Medium-High190°C / 375°F
OdeurNutty, caramelized cauliflower aroma
SonSteady sizzling that indicates proper temperature
TextureSurface is slightly crispy; florets hold their shape

Étape Critique

Frying the cauliflower develops nutty, sweet flavors through caramelization and creates a light crust that helps florets hold their shape in the stew. Skipping this step results in bland, mushy cauliflower that falls apart.

Don't crowd the pan—cauliflower needs direct contact with hot oil to brown. Crowding causes steaming instead of frying.

Erreurs Courantes

  • Crowding the pan (cauliflower steams, doesn't brown)
  • Oil not hot enough (absorbs oil, becomes greasy)
  • Moving florets too often (prevents browning)
  • Over-frying (becomes too dark, bitter)
3
CUISSON15 min

Brown the onions

Heat 60ml oil in a large heavy pot over medium-high heat. Add diced onions and cook until deep golden brown, about 12-15 minutes, stirring occasionally.

Onions are uniformly deep golden with caramelized edges
Medium-High190°C / 375°F
OdeurSweet, rich caramelized onion aroma
SonSteady sizzling that softens over time
En attendant: Fry cauliflower while onions cook if you have a second burner
4
CUISSON8 min

Add spices and brown the meat

Add turmeric and cinnamon (if using), stir for 30 seconds until fragrant. Increase heat to high, add meat cubes in a single layer, and brown well on at least two sides, about 6-8 minutes total.

Meat has deep golden-brown crust; spices have colored everything warm yellow
High230°C / 450°F
OdeurSearing meat with earthy turmeric and warm cinnamon
SonStrong sizzling; meat releases when properly seared
TextureMeat releases easily from pot
5
CUISSON6 min

Build the tomato base

Reduce heat to medium. Add tomato paste and stir constantly for 2 minutes until darkened. Add grated tomatoes and cook for another 3-4 minutes, stirring frequently, until mixture is thick and cohesive.

Tomato paste has darkened to brick red; fresh tomatoes fully broken down; mixture is glossy
Medium175°C / 350°F
OdeurRaw tomato smell transforms to richer, sweeter aroma
SonSizzling as tomatoes release moisture

Étape Critique

Cooking the tomato paste removes raw, metallic flavors and develops sweetness. This step builds the flavor foundation of the sauce.

Keep stirring to prevent scorching on the bottom
6
CUISSON90 min

Add liquid and dried limes

Add water or stock, salt, and pepper. Pierce each dried lime 3-4 times with a knife and add to the pot. If using potatoes, add them now. Bring to a boil, then reduce heat to low. Cover and simmer for 1.5 hours until meat (and potatoes, if using) are very tender.

Sauce is rich orange-red; dried limes have softened; potatoes (if using) are nearly cooked
LowGentle simmer ~120°C / 250°F
OdeurTangy dried lime aroma developing in the sauce
SonGentle, occasional bubbles
TextureMeat yields to fork but still holds shape
Point de contrôle: Meat should be nearly tender before adding cauliflower
En attendant: This is a good time to prepare rice
7
CUISSON25 min

Add fried cauliflower

Gently add the fried cauliflower florets to the stew, distributing evenly. Try not to submerge completely—some should peek above the sauce. Spoon some sauce over the top. Cover and simmer for another 20-25 minutes until cauliflower is tender throughout.

Cauliflower has absorbed sauce color; florets are tender but still holding shape
LowGentle simmer
OdeurCauliflower, tomato, and dried lime aromas have melded
SonVery gentle bubbling
TextureCauliflower is completely tender when pierced but florets remain intact
Handle cauliflower gently—the fried crust helps it hold together but it's still delicate. Stirring too vigorously will break the florets.

Erreurs Courantes

  • Adding cauliflower too early (becomes mushy)
  • Stirring vigorously (breaks florets)
  • Cooking too long after adding cauliflower
8
FINITION10 min

Adjust seasoning and rest

Stir in bloomed saffron if using. Taste and adjust salt, pepper, and sourness. If more tang is needed, add fresh lemon juice or break open one of the dried limes. Remove from heat, cover, and let rest for 10 minutes.

Sauce is rich and glossy; oil visible on surface; cauliflower florets attractively arranged
OdeurHarmonious blend of tomato, dried lime tang, and caramelized vegetables
TextureSauce coats a spoon nicely
The dried lime tang should be present but balanced—not overpoweringly sour

Erreurs Courantes

  • Under-seasoning (this stew needs adequate salt)
  • Over-reducing sauce (should have some body but not be too thick)
9
FINITION

Serve

Transfer carefully to a serving dish, arranging cauliflower florets attractively on top. Serve hot over chelow with tahdig. The dried limes can be left in for presentation.

Rich red-orange sauce with golden-tinged cauliflower florets arranged on top; hearty and appetizing
Arrange some of the prettiest cauliflower florets on top for visual appeal

Repos Requis

10 min - Allows sauce to settle and flavors to harmonize

Extras

Équipement

grande marmite lourdegrande poêlestandard

Préparer à l'Avance

  • Meat base can be made 1-2 days ahead.
  • Fry cauliflower fresh or a few hours ahead.
  • Add cauliflower when reheating for best texture.
  • Complete stew keeps 3 days refrigerated and freezes well for 3 months.

Reheat gently over low heat.

Cauliflower softens further but remains delicious.

Servir Avec

🍚Chelow (plain Persian steamed rice) with tahdig—simple rice complements this hearty stew

Accompagnements

  • Mast-o-khiar
  • Sabzi khordan (fresh herb platter)
  • Torshi (pickled vegetables)

Boissons

  • Doogh
  • Black tea

Substitutions

dried limeZest of 2 limes + 2 tbsp lime juice, added in last 20 minutes. The fermented tang of dried limes is unique but this approximates it.
cauliflowerBroccoli can be substituted but cooks faster—add in last 15 minutes. Romanesco works identically to cauliflower.
lambBeef chuck works well; boneless chicken thighs for lighter version with reduced cooking time.

Mise à l'échelle

Doubles easily with 20 minutes extra cooking time. Fry cauliflower in batches to maintain crispness—don't crowd the pan. Freezes well for up to 3 months; cauliflower softens but flavor remains excellent.

Source

Traditionnel · Traditional home cooking

A beloved everyday stew found across Iran, particularly popular in fall and winter when cauliflower is abundant. Some families add potatoes for extra heartiness, others keep it simple. The debate over frying versus roasting the cauliflower divides households.

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